{"language_default":"de","language_more":[],"ikmk_id":"668","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Antoninus Pius","inventory_number":"MO-1924-13","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/object?id=ID668","permalink_source":"","publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":104,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/104","publisher_name":"Hamburger Kunsthalle","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-059210","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-059210","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-059210\/ID668","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.hamburger-kunsthalle.de\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/hamburger_kunsthalle","author":"Ziegert, Martin"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"104","owner_name":"Hamburger Kunsthalle","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-059210","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-059210","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/www.hamburger-kunsthalle.de\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/hamburger_kunsthalle","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/104","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"675","nominal_de":"Aureus","nominal_en":"Aureus","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/aureus","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4873978-9","info_de":"Zu Zeiten der r\u00f6mischen Republik stellt die Pr\u00e4gung von Goldm\u00fcnzen eine Seltenheit und damit eine besonderen Umst\u00e4nden geschuldete Pr\u00e4gung dar. Das fr\u00fcheste Beispiel ist das sogenannte Schwurszenengold (unterschiedlich datiert 241 bzw. 216 v. Chr.). Eine weitere Serie wird von dem sog. Mars\/Adler-Gold in St\u00fccken zu 60, 40 und 20 Assen vertreten, die im 2. Punischen Krieg um 211-209 v. Chr. entstanden sind. In der 1. H\u00e4lfte des 1. Jhs. v. Chr. gaben unter anderem Sulla und Pompeius seltene Aurei (zu 1\/30 bzw. 1\/36 des r\u00f6m. Pfundes) aus. Erst mit der Ausm\u00fcnzung gro\u00dfer Goldvorr\u00e4te unter Caesar ab 48 v. Chr. wurden Goldm\u00fcnzen (nun zu 1\/40 Pfund) und 25 silbernen Denaren entsprechend ausgegeben, die Produktion lief auch w\u00e4hrend des 2. Triumvirates weiter. Augustus reduzierte den Aureus auf 1\/42 des Pfundes (ca. 7,72 g) bei gleichbleibendem Wechselkurs von 25 Denaren. Neros M\u00fcnzreform von 64 n. Chr. verringerte das Gewicht auf 1\/45 des Pfundes, also ca. 7,27 g. Unter Domitianus f\u00fcr kurze Zeit wieder auf 1\/42 Pfund angehoben, blieb der neronische Standard zu 1\/45 Pfund bis in das 3. Jh. zumindest theoretisch vorbildhaft. Unter Caracalla auf 1\/50 Pfund = 6,55 g nochmals reduziert, verfielen im Verlauf des 3. Jh. n. Chr. Gewicht und Feingehalt, auch das Verh\u00e4ltnis zum Denar wurde schwankend. Bereits seit Commodus war der Umfang der Goldpr\u00e4gung eingeschr\u00e4nkt worden. Der bis auf 1\/72 des Pfundes abgesunkene Aureus wurde von Diocletianus zuletzt reformiert und ab ca. 284 n. Chr. zu 1\/70 Pfund (ca. 4,7 g) und ab um 286 n. Chr. zu 1\/60 Pfund (ca. 5,45 g) gepr\u00e4gt. Nachdem Constantinus I. um 309 n. Chr. mit dem Solidus eine neue Goldw\u00e4hrung etablierte, wurden die letzten Aurei in den 320er Jahren im Namen des Licinius ausgegeben. Besondere Emissionen von schweren Goldm\u00fcnzen des 4.\u20135. Jhs., die als Geschenke an Beamte und Milit\u00e4rs vergeben wurden, werden heute bisweilen als \u201eFestaurei\u201c bezeichnet. Das Halbst\u00fcck des Aureus ist der auch in Gold gepr\u00e4gte Quinarius, das Doppelst\u00fcck der Binio, noch seltener sind der Quaternio (vier Aurei) und Octonio (Achtfachst\u00fcck). s. auch Multipla.\r\n\r\nLit.: F. von Schr\u00f6tter, W\u00f6rterbuch der M\u00fcnzkunde (1930) 49-51 s. v. Aureus.","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/675"},"date_last":"2026-07-31 16:55:14","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"25","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/25","country_name_de":"Italien","country_name_en":"Italy","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/italian_republic","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3175395","ikmk_region_id":"263","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/263","region_name_de":"Italia","region_name_en":"Italia","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/greek_italy","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"678","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/678","mint_name":"Rom","mint_name_de":"Rom","mint_name_en":"Rome","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/rome","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3169070"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"3","material_name_de":"Gold","material_name_en":"Gold","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/av","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/3"},"diameter":"20 mm","die_axis":"6 h","weight":"7.29 g","accession":"","access_year":"","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"6","access_type_name":"Zugang ungekl\u00e4rt","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/6"},"provenienz_extern":"Provenienzforschung ausstehend. \r\nHaben Sie Fragen, Kritik, Anregungen, weiterf\u00fchrende Informationen? Bitte richten Sie eine Nachricht an Dr. Ute Haug unter ute.haug[at]hamburger-kunsthalle.de.\r\n***\r\nProvenance research pending.\r\nDo you have questions, criticism, suggestions, and further information? Please send a message to Dr. Ute Haug at ute.haug[at]hamburger-kunsthalle.de.","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"Antoninus Augustus Pius Pater Patriae Tribunicia Potestate XII","leg_text":"ANTONINVS - AVG PIVS P P TR P XII","image_description":"Kopf des Antoninus Pius nach rechts. Perlkreis.","foto_date":"2022-03-30","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"2","photographer_name":"Martin Ziegert","photographer_gnd":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1215111827","photographer_viaf":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/317172704"},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID668\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID668\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/vhosts\/ikmk.net\/httpdocs\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/mk-edit\/images\/n0\/668\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID668\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID668\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1648633315,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Hamburger Kunsthalle, ID668. Aufnahme durch Martin Ziegert.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Hamburger Kunsthalle, ID668. Photographs by Martin Ziegert."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"Consul IIII","leg_text":"C-OS - IIII","image_description":"Die Personifikation des M\u00fcnzwesen (Moneta) steht in der Vorderansicht, den Kopf nach links gewandt. Mit der rechten Hand h\u00e4lt sie eine Waage und im linken Arm ein F\u00fcllhorn (cornucopiae). Perlkreis.","foto_date":"2022-03-30","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"2","photographer_name":"Martin Ziegert","photographer_gnd":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1215111827","photographer_viaf":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/317172704"},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID668\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID668\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/vhosts\/ikmk.net\/httpdocs\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/mk-edit\/images\/n0\/668\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID668\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID668\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1648633343,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Hamburger Kunsthalle, ID668. Aufnahme durch Martin Ziegert.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Hamburger Kunsthalle, ID668. Photographs by Martin Ziegert."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"3","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Imperial period"},"literatur":"RIC III Nr. 177 a; R. Postel, Katalog der antiken M\u00fcnzen in der Hamburger Kunsthalle (1976) Nr. 881; W. Hofmann (Hrsg.), Hamburger Kunsthalle (1985) Nr. 622; W. Hofmann (Hrsg.), Hamburger Kunsthalle, 2. Auflage (1989) Nr. 690.","comment":"","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"4","name_de":"R\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit","name_en":"Roman Imperial period","description_de":"Die Zeit zwischen dem Ende des Hellenismus mit der Eroberung \u00c4gyptens durch Rom im Jahre 30 v. und dem Regierungsantritt des Diocletianus 284 n. Chr.","description_en":"The period between the end of Hellenism in 30 BC (conquest of Alexandria) and the accession of Diocletianus in AD 284.","concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/4"},"year_start":"148","year_end":"149","date_verbal":"148-149 n. 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Jh. v. Chr.-3. Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/7512142-6","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020541"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"51","timeline_item":"Das Zeitalter der Adoptivkaiser","description":"Rom erlebte die Zeit seiner gr\u00f6\u00dften territorialen Ausdehnung unter dem Kaiser Traianus (98-117 n. Chr.), der von Nerva (96-98) adoptiert worden war. Traianus adoptierte Hadrianus (117-138), der zusammen mit seinem von ihm adoptierten Nachfolger Antoninus Pius (138-161) die Konsolidierung der Reiches und dessen gr\u00f6\u00dfte Bl\u00fcte gew\u00e4hrleistete. Erst Marcus Aurelius (161-180) wich von dem bew\u00e4hrten System der Adoption wieder ab, als er seinen eigenen Sohn Commodus zum Caesar machte.","year_from":"96","year_until":"180","autor":"Weisser, Bernhard"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}