{"language_default":"de","language_more":[],"ikmk_id":"319","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"R\u00f6m. Republik: L. Livineius Regulus","inventory_number":"MO-00494","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/object?id=ID319","permalink_source":"","publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":104,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/104","publisher_name":"Hamburger Kunsthalle","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-059210","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-059210","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-059210\/ID319","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.hamburger-kunsthalle.de\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/hamburger_kunsthalle","author":"Ziegert, Martin"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"104","owner_name":"Hamburger Kunsthalle","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-059210","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-059210","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/www.hamburger-kunsthalle.de\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/hamburger_kunsthalle","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/104","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"729","nominal_de":"Denar (ANT)","nominal_en":"Denarius (ANT)","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/denarius","nominal_gnd_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4257529-1","info_de":"","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/729"},"date_last":"2026-07-31 16:51:59","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"54","coin_status_name_de":"Stadt","coin_status_name_en":"City","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/city","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/54"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"25","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/25","country_name_de":"Italien","country_name_en":"Italy","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/italian_republic","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3175395","ikmk_region_id":"263","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/263","region_name_de":"Italia","region_name_en":"Italia","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/greek_italy","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"678","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/678","mint_name":"Rom","mint_name_de":"Rom","mint_name_en":"Rome","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/rome","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3169070"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"19 mm","die_axis":"11 h","weight":"3.87 g","accession":"","access_year":"","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"6","access_type_name":"Zugang ungekl\u00e4rt","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/6"},"provenienz_extern":"Provenienzforschung ausstehend. \r\nHaben Sie Fragen, Kritik, Anregungen, weiterf\u00fchrende Informationen? Bitte richten Sie eine Nachricht an Dr. Ute Haug unter ute.haug[at]hamburger-kunsthalle.de.\r\n***\r\nProvenance research pending.\r\nDo you have questions, criticism, suggestions, and further information? Please send a message to Dr. Ute Haug at ute.haug[at]hamburger-kunsthalle.de.","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"Regulus Praetor","leg_text":"REGVLVS - PR","image_description":"Kopf des Praetors L. Regulus nach rechts. Perlkreis. Auf dem Hals und hinter dem Kopf zwei Einhiebe.","foto_date":"2022-01-21","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"2","photographer_name":"Martin Ziegert","photographer_gnd":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1215111827","photographer_viaf":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/317172704"},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID319\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID319\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/vhosts\/ikmk.net\/httpdocs\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/mk-edit\/images\/n0\/319\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID319\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID319\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1646050917,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Hamburger Kunsthalle, ID319. Aufnahme durch Martin Ziegert.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Hamburger Kunsthalle, ID319. Photographs by Martin Ziegert."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"Lucius Livineis Regulus","leg_text":"L LIVINEIVS \/\/ REGVLVS","image_description":"Sitz eines Praetors bzw. Konsuls (sella curulis) zwischen je drei Liktorenb\u00fcndel (fasces) auf beiden Seiten. Perlkreis.","foto_date":"2022-01-21","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"2","photographer_name":"Martin Ziegert","photographer_gnd":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1215111827","photographer_viaf":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/317172704"},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID319\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID319\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/vhosts\/ikmk.net\/httpdocs\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/mk-edit\/images\/n0\/319\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID319\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID319\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1646050937,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Hamburger Kunsthalle, ID319. Aufnahme durch Martin Ziegert.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Hamburger Kunsthalle, ID319. Photographs by Martin Ziegert."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"2","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Republik","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Republic"},"literatur":"RRC Nr. 494\/27; R. Postel, Katalog der antiken M\u00fcnzen in der Hamburger Kunsthalle (1976) Nr. 494; H. B\u00f6rger, Die antiken M\u00fcnzen und die Medaillen der Kunsthalle zu Hamburg ([1921]) Nr. 132.","comment":"Der Praetor L. Livineius Regulus war wohl der Vater des M\u00fcnzmeisters.","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"3","name_de":"Hellenismus","name_en":"Hellenism","description_de":"Bezeichnet die Epoche und Stilperiode zwischen dem Tod Alexanders des Gro\u00dfen und Schlacht bei Actium (31 v. Chr.) bzw. der Eroberung Alexandrias durch Rom im Jahr darauf, also die Zeit von ungef\u00e4hr 323 bis 30 v. Chr.","description_en":"Term to describe the period between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the battle of Actium in 31 BC resp. the conquest of Alexandria in the following year, hence the period from c. 323 to 30 BC.","concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/3"},"year_start":"-42","year_end":"-42","date_verbal":"42 v. Chr.","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":20,"souce":"RRC","number":"494\/27","similar":"0"},{"ikmk_referenz_id":575,"souce":"Postel, Kunsthalle","number":"0494","similar":"0"},{"ikmk_referenz_id":577,"souce":"B\u00f6rger, Kunsthalle","number":"132","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"820":"http:\/\/numismatics.org\/crro\/id\/rrc-494.27"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/54","items":{"4556":{"ikmk_person_id":"4556","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Lucius Livineius Regulus","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Lucius Livineius Regulus","corporation":"0","lod":{"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/4556":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/4556"}}}},"108":{"ikmk_type_id":"108","type_name_de":"M\u00fcnzmeister (MM Ant)","type_name_en":"Mintmaster (MM Ant)","type_nomisma_id":"","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4170686-9","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/108","items":{"1772":{"ikmk_person_id":"1772","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Lucius Livineius Regulus","vitalDates":null,"title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Lucius Livineius Regulus","corporation":"0","lod":{"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/l_livineivs_regvlvs_iiii_vir_a_p_f_rrc":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/l_livineivs_regvlvs_iiii_vir_a_p_f_rrc","https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1185206256":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1185206256","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/3195155708716922580004":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/3195155708716922580004","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG177757":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG177757","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q19592108":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q19592108","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1772":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1772"}}}}},"keywords":[{"ikmk_keyword_id":"1","keyword_de":"Antike","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4068754-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300055818"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"76","keyword_de":"Gegenst\u00e4nde","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4121320-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300311889"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"5","keyword_de":"Hellenismus, 4.-1. Jh. v. Chr.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4024313-8","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020101"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"22","keyword_de":"Italien","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4027833-5","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/tgn\/1000080"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"67","keyword_de":"M\u00fcnzmeister\/-beamte","keyword_gnd_uri":"","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300205361"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"43","keyword_de":"Portr\u00e4ts","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4006627-7","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015637"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"69","keyword_de":"Silber","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4133759-1","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/www.nomisma.org\/id\/ar"},{"ikmk_keyword_id":"38","keyword_de":"St\u00e4dte","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4056723-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/city"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"6","timeline_item":"Rom nach Einf\u00fchrung der Denarpr\u00e4gung","description":"Mit dem Denar, der bis weit in die r\u00f6mische Kaiserzeit hinein f\u00fcr fast 500 Jahre Hauptnominal bleiben sollte, schufen die R\u00f6mer eine eigenst\u00e4ndige Silberm\u00fcnze. Der Zeitpunkt seiner erstmaligen Auspr\u00e4gung ist in der numismatischen Forschung viel diskutiert und auch heute noch immer nicht g\u00e4nzlich gesichert. Besonders die Ausgrabungen im antiken Morgantina auf Sizilien engen die Einf\u00fchrung des Denars in die Jahre zwischen 215 und 211 v. Chr. inmitten des Krieges gegen Hannibal ein. Die M\u00fcnzbilder der r\u00f6mischen Republik sind wichtige ikonographische Zeugnisse der f\u00fchrenden Familien Roms in jener Zeit. Beschr\u00e4nkt sich zu Beginn des 2. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. das Bildspektrum auf wenige Typen, so gewinnt es im Laufe des 1. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. immer mehr an Bedeutung als Medium des sp\u00e4trepublikanischen Legitimationsdiskurses. In den Auseinandersetzungen zwischen den Caesaranh\u00e4ngern und -gegnern und schlie\u00dflich zwischen M. Antonius und Octavianus erwiesen sich die M\u00fcnzen als wirkungsvolles Propagandamittel.","year_from":"-212","year_until":"-27","autor":"Weisser, Bernhard"}],"secondary_treatment":[{"ikmk_secondary_treatment_id":"5","item_de":"Graffito","item_en":"Graffito","description_de":"Eingeritzte Markierung mit einer Aussage im zeitgen\u00f6ssischen Umfeld.","description_en":"Lettering or similar mark incised into the surface of a coin that had meaning in the contemporary context of the coin.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/secondary_treatment\/5","concept":["http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4021791-7","http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/graffito","http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300015613","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q17514"]},{"ikmk_secondary_treatment_id":"12","item_de":"Einhieb","item_en":"Chop mark","description_de":"Einhieb mit einem Objekt undefinierter Form, meist in Form einer groben Scharte, u. a. zu Pr\u00fcfzwecken an M\u00fcnzen angebracht. Auch nachtr\u00e4gliche Verletzungen, z. B. durch Pickelhieb beim Bergen\/Auffinden des Objekts.","description_en":"A mark of undefined form made normally with a chisel-like tool, for example to test the purity of the core of a coin. It can also be the result of damage caused when the object was found.","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/secondary_treatment\/12","concept":["http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/chop_mark"]}],"graffiti":{"9":{"description":"Zwei Kratzer in L-Form, die den Hals vom Kopf abtrennen","unsure":"0","damnatio_memoriae":"0","remark":"","side":{"id":"1","de":"Vorderseite"},"intervention":{"id":"1","de":"Eingriff im Bild"},"conciseness":{"id":"1","de":"sehr auff\u00e4llig"},"status":{"id":"3","de":"nicht abgenutzt"},"source":{"id":"1","de":"im Original gesehen"},"sector":{"c":{"de":"Zentrum"},"i05":{"de":"Innen 5"},"i08":{"de":"Innen 8"},"i09":{"de":"Innen 9"},"i10":{"de":"Innen 10"},"i11":{"de":"Innen 11"},"i12":{"de":"Innen 12"},"o12":{"de":"Au\u00dfen 12"}}}},"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}