{"language_default":"de","language_more":[],"ikmk_id":"2100","eLearning_completed":"0","primary_source_id":"0","title":"Magnus Maximus","inventory_number":"MO-02006","activated":"yes","item":{"ikmk_item_id":"1","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/item\/1","item_de":"M\u00fcnze","item_en":"Coin","item_nomisma":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/coin"},"permalink":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/object?id=ID2100","permalink_source":"","publisher":{"ikmk_publisher_id":104,"ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/104","publisher_name":"Hamburger Kunsthalle","publisher_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-059210","publisher_isil_short":"DE-MUS-059210","UID":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-059210\/ID2100","legalBodyWeblink":"https:\/\/www.hamburger-kunsthalle.de\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/hamburger_kunsthalle","author":"Ziegert, Martin"},"owner":{"ikmk_owner_id":"104","owner_name":"Hamburger Kunsthalle","owner_isil":"http:\/\/ld.zdb-services.de\/resource\/organisations\/DE-MUS-059210","owner_isil_short":"DE-MUS-059210","owner_www_address":"https:\/\/www.hamburger-kunsthalle.de\/","nomisma_address":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/hamburger_kunsthalle","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/owner\/104","owner_type":{"de":"Eigentum","en":"Property","ikmk_type_id":"2","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/status_of_property\/2"}},"ikmk_status_id":"7","status":{"de":"vorhanden","en":"present","ikmk_status_id":"7","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/object_status\/7"},"nominal":{"ikmk_nominal_id":"1107","nominal_de":"Siliqua","nominal_en":"Siliqua","nominal_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/siliqua","nominal_gnd_id":"","info_de":"Eigentlich die Schote des Johannisbrotbaumes (griech. keration). Der Begriff bezeichnet sowohl die Gewichtseinheit zu 1\/1728 des r\u00f6m. Pfundes (0,189 g) als auch eine von Constantinus I. um 313 n. Chr. erstmals gepr\u00e4gte Silberm\u00fcnze mit einem offiziellen, oft aber leicht unterschrittenen Gewicht von 3,41 g (1\/96 des r\u00f6m. Pfundes, und damit dem alten Denar seit Nero und dem Argenteus des Diocletianus entsprechend). Sie galt 1\/24 des goldenen Solidus. Um 360 n. Chr. abgewertet auf 2,27 g (1\/144 libra). Zwei Siliquen entsprechen einem Miliarense. Bis unter Honorius (393\u2013423 n. Chr.) in gro\u00dfer Zahl gepr\u00e4gt, danach seltener mit h\u00e4ufig schwankendem Gewicht. Auch byzantinische M\u00fcnzen des 5.-7. Jhs. sowie Pr\u00e4gungen germanischer St\u00e4mme der V\u00f6lkerwanderungszeit werden als Siliquen bezeichnet, dort kommen auch weitere Unterteilungen vor.\r\n\r\nLit.: F. von Schr\u00f6tter, W\u00f6rterbuch der M\u00fcnzkunde (1930) 638 s. v. Siliqua.","info_en":"","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/denomination\/1107"},"date_last":"2026-08-28 12:00:13","coin_status":[{"ikmk_coin_status_id":"29","coin_status_name_de":"Antike Herrscherpr\u00e4gung","coin_status_name_en":"Ancient Ruler's issue","coin_status_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ruler","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/class_status\/29"}],"mint":[{"ikmk_country_id":"25","country_ndp_url":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/country\/25","country_name_de":"Italien","country_name_en":"Italy","country_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/italian_republic","country_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3175395","ikmk_region_id":"263","region_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/region\/263","region_name_de":"Italia","region_name_en":"Italia","region_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/greek_italy","region_geoname_id":"","ikmk_mint_id":"610","mint_ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/location\/610","mint_name":"Mailand","mint_name_de":"Mailand","mint_name_en":"Milan","mint_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/mediolanum","mint_geoname_id":"http:\/\/www.geonames.org\/3173435"}],"material":{"ikmk_material_id":"1","material_name_de":"Silber","material_name_en":"Silver","material_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/ar","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/material\/1"},"diameter":"16 mm","die_axis":"6 h","weight":"1.72 g","accession":"","access_year":"","access_type":{"ikmk_access_type_id":"6","access_type_name":"Zugang ungekl\u00e4rt","access_type_nomisma_id":"","access_type_concept_id":"","ndp_uir":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/accession\/6"},"provenienz_extern":"Provenienzforschung ausstehend. \r\nHaben Sie Fragen, Kritik, Anregungen, weiterf\u00fchrende Informationen? Bitte richten Sie eine Nachricht an Dr. Ute Haug unter ute.haug[at]hamburger-kunsthalle.de.\r\n***\r\nProvenance research pending.\r\nDo you have questions, criticism, suggestions, and further information? Please send a message to Dr. Ute Haug at ute.haug[at]hamburger-kunsthalle.de.","acquisition_date":"","avers":{"leg_trans":"Dominus Noster Magnus Maximus Pius Felix Augustus","leg_text":"D N MAG MA-XIMVS P F AVG","image_description":"Gepanzerte B\u00fcste des Magnus Maximus mit Perldiadem und umgelegtem Mantel (paludamentum) in der Brustansicht nach rechts. Perlkreis.","foto_date":"2022-12-02","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"2","photographer_name":"Martin Ziegert","photographer_gnd":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1215111827","photographer_viaf":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/317172704"},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID2100\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID2100\/vs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/vhosts\/ikmk.net\/httpdocs\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/mk-edit\/images\/n2\/2100\/vs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID2100\/vs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID2100\/vs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1669987067,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Hamburger Kunsthalle, ID2100. Aufnahme durch Martin Ziegert.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Hamburger Kunsthalle, ID2100. Photographs by Martin Ziegert."}},"revers":{"leg_trans":"Virtus Romanorum, Mediolani Pusulatum","leg_text":"VIRTVS RO-MANORVM \/\/ MD PS","image_description":"Die Stadtg\u00f6ttin Roms (Roma) sitzt auf einem Thron in der Vorderansicht, den Kopf mit Helm nach links gewandt. Mit der rechten Hand h\u00e4lt sie einen Globus und mit der linken Hand einen Speer. Perlkreis.","foto_date":"2022-12-02","photographer":{"ikmk_photographer_id":"2","photographer_name":"Martin Ziegert","photographer_gnd":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1215111827","photographer_viaf":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/317172704"},"path_thumbnail":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID2100\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID2100\/rs_opt.jpg","path_opt_rel":"\/var\/www\/vhosts\/ikmk.net\/httpdocs\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/mk-edit\/images\/n2\/2100\/rs_opt.jpg","path":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID2100\/rs_org.jpg","path_org":"https:\/\/hamburger-kunsthalle.ikmk.net\/image\/ID2100\/rs_org.jpg","image_timestamp":1669987075,"copyright":{"short":"PDM 1.0","url":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/","de":"Bilddateien sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Hamburger Kunsthalle, ID2100. Aufnahme durch Martin Ziegert.","en":"Image files are licensed&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>. Hamburger Kunsthalle, ID2100. Photographs by Martin Ziegert."}},"division":{"ikmk_division_id":"1","division_name_de":"Antike","division_name_en":"Antiquity"},"sub_division":{"ikmk_subdivision_id":"15","subdivision_name_de":"R\u00f6mische Sp\u00e4tantike","subdivision_name_en":"Roman Late Antiquity"},"literatur":"RIC IX Nr. 19 a; R. Postel, Katalog der antiken M\u00fcnzen in der Hamburger Kunsthalle (1976) Nr. 2006.","comment":"","period":{"ikmk_period_id":"10","name_de":"R\u00f6mische Sp\u00e4tantike","name_en":"Roman Late Antiquity","description_de":"Hier definiert als die Zeit vom Regierungsantritt des r\u00f6mischen Kaiser Diocletianus 284 n. Chr. bis zum Untergang des westr\u00f6mische Reiches 476 n. Chr.","description_en":"Here defined as the period between the reign of Diocletianus (from AD 284) to the downfall of the Roman empire in the West in AD 476.","concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020666","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/period\/10"},"year_start":"387","year_end":"388","date_verbal":"387-388 n. Chr.","year_islam":"0","references":[{"ikmk_referenz_id":159,"souce":"RIC IX Mediolanum","number":"019a","similar":"0"},{"ikmk_referenz_id":575,"souce":"Postel, Kunsthalle","number":"2006","similar":"0"}],"type_references":{"2589":"http:\/\/numismatics.org\/ocre\/id\/ric.9.med.19A"},"manufacturing":[{"ikmk_manufacturing_id":"21","manufacturing_name_de":"gepr\u00e4gt","manufacturing_name_en":"struck","nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/struck","ndp_uri":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/manufacture\/21"}],"linked_persons_corporations":{"54":{"ikmk_type_id":"54","type_name_de":"Dargestellte\/r","type_name_en":"Sitter","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/portrait","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300189844","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/54","items":{"1138":{"ikmk_person_id":"1138","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Magnus Maximus","vitalDates":"um 335-388 n. Chr.","title_en":null,"first_name_en":null,"last_name_en":"Magnus Maximus","corporation":"0","lod":{"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/magnus_maximus":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/magnus_maximus","https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/102398631":"https:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/102398631","https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magnus_Maximus":"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magnus_Maximus","https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magnus_Maximus":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Magnus_Maximus","https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/10236404":"https:\/\/viaf.org\/viaf\/10236404","https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140703":"https:\/\/www.britishmuseum.org\/collection\/term\/BIOG140703","https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q211396":"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q211396","https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1138":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/person\/1138"}}}},"57":{"ikmk_type_id":"57","type_name_de":"Autorit\u00e4t","type_name_en":"Authority","type_nomisma_id":"http:\/\/nomisma.org\/id\/authority","type_concept_id":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/1051614252","ndp_id":"https:\/\/ikmk.smb.museum\/ndp\/type_for_person_and_corporation\/57","items":{"1138":{"ikmk_person_id":"1138","title_de":null,"first_name_de":null,"last_name_de":"Magnus Maximus","vitalDates":"um 335-388 n. 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Jh.","keyword_gnd_uri":"http:\/\/d-nb.info\/gnd\/4124227-0","keyword_concept_uri":"http:\/\/vocab.getty.edu\/aat\/300020666"}],"timeline_themes":[{"ikmk_timeline_id":"46","timeline_item":"Von 293 bis zum Ende des 4. Jahrhunderts n. Chr.","description":"Die Regierungszeit des Diocletianus und seiner Mitherrscher (284-305 n. Chr.) ist gekennzeichnet durch eine Neuordnung des Staatswesens: Neue M\u00fcnzsorten wie der Nummus (Follis), der Argenteus und der auf 1\/60 des Pfundes festgesetzte Aureus werden eingef\u00fchrt und in ein festes Wechselverh\u00e4ltnis gesetzt. Diese Ma\u00dfnahmen k\u00f6nnen die Verschlechterung des Geldes nur f\u00fcr kurze Zeit aufhalten. Constantinus I. (306-337) f\u00fchrt mit dem Solidus eine neue Gold- sowie mit Siliqua und Miliarense neue Silberm\u00fcnzen ein; die Bronzenominale unterliegen ebenfalls bereits einer Abwertung. Insgesamt wird aber zur Mitte des 4. Jhs. eine Tendenz zur Goldw\u00e4hrung deutlich. Neue Goldminen werden erschlossen und h\u00f6here St\u00fcckzahlen gepr\u00e4gt. Vom Bronzegeld werden bald in schneller Folge verschiedene Sorten ausgegeben, denen es aber durchweg an dauerhaftem Geldwert mangelt. So wird das Bronzegeld abermals um 348 reformiert, auch Iulianus (genannt Apostata, reg. 361-363) versucht sich in der Einf\u00fchrung eines neuen, gro\u00dfen Bronzenominales. Zum Ende der 360er Jahre wird die regelhafte Kennzeichnung der Solidi als Feingold (OB = Obryzum) verpflichend. Ihre Entsprechung beim Silbergeld ist das K\u00fcrzel PS = pusulatum. Auch nimmt die Bedeutung der silbernen Siliquen immer mehr ab.  F\u00fcr die Bildsprache der M\u00fcnzen seit der Tetrarchie ist die Betonung der absoluten Stellung des Kaisers als Dominus (\u201eHerr\u201c) charakteristisch.","year_from":"293","year_until":"400","autor":"Dahmen, Karsten"}],"text_right":{"short":"CC BY-SA 4.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-sa\/4.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Creative Commons Namensnennung - Weitergabe unter gleichen Bedingungen 4.0 International","en":"Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International"},"string":{"de":"Texte und Beschreibungen in diesem Online-Katalog stehen unter einer <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> Lizenz.","en":"Texts and descriptions of this catalogue are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>."}},"lod_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"},"string":{"de":"Verwendete LOD-Identifikatoren sind <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de\" target=\"_blank\">PDM 1.0<\/a>.","en":"LOD ids used are licensed <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en\" target=\"_blank\">Public Domain Mark 1.0<\/a>."}},"image_restriction_id":0,"image_restriction":"free","image_right":{"short":"PDM 1.0","icon":"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/p\/zero\/1.0\/80x15.png","url":{"de":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.de","en":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/publicdomain\/mark\/1.0\/deed.en"},"label":{"de":"Public Domain Mark 1.0","en":"Public Domain Mark 1.0"}}}